Despite major strides in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, they continue to take a significant economic and social toll in the United States. While progress toward meeting the Healthy People (HP) 2000 goals related to infections is generally on target, major disparities among certain groups (e.g., low-income, racial and ethnic minorities) still exist with regard to indicators such as immunization rates and rates of preventable infections. Preventable services for infectious diseases are among the most cost-effective. Progress toward meeting and sustaining the HP 2000 goals would be improved by universal entitlement for certain prevention services; reducing inconvenience as well as economic costs; appropriate utilization of all healthcare professionals and lay experts, as well as physicians; reducing inappropriate and costly use of resources such as antibiotics and specialist time; and engagement of the public and providers in national dialogue about risk benefit decision making, prioritization of use resources, and a focus on prevention rather than cure.