Concomitant radiation therapy and targeted cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced pyriform sinus carcinoma: disease control and preservation of organ function

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus is an unfavorable disease which frequently presents in advanced stages. Despite aggressive "standard treatment" involving debilitating surgery and postoperative radiation therapy treatments, the survival and functional outcome for pyriform sinus carcinoma remains poor. Hence, we reviewed our experience in the management of advanced pyriform sinus carcinoma using "organ preservation" chemoradiation therapy.

Methods: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with stage III/IV pyriform sinus squamous cell carcinoma treated with supradose, intra-arterial targeted cisplatin, and concomitant radiotherapy were analyzed for response rates, survival, pattern of failure, and function of the preserved organs. Our protocol consisted of weekly intra-arterial infusions of cisplatin at 150 mg/m(2) x 4 and concurrent radiation therapy at 1.8 Gy or 2.0 Gy/fraction to a planned total of 68-74 Gy to the primary site/overt nodal disease.

Results: Nineteen (76%) of the 25 patients were diagnosed with stage IV disease, 17 of whom were first seen with bulky lymphadenopathy (ie, N2-N3 disease) while 10 had T4 lesions. Twenty-four of 25 patients were evaluable for response assessment. Complete response rates of 92% and 76% were achieved at the primary site and in lymph nodes, respectively. Hence, the overall complete response rate in the neck was 76% (16/21). At a median follow up interval of 42 months (range = 30-58 months), the projected 5-year overall and disease-specific survival using the Kaplan-Meier method are 23% and 50% respectively. No patient has developed recurrence at the primary site and only one patient relapsed regionally, which was surgically salvaged for an "above clavicle" disease control rate of 88% and an organ preservation rate of 88%. Almost 90% of the patients have achieved a satisfactory voice and 70% are able to swallow at 12 months postcompletion of therapy.

Conclusion: Our chemoradiation protocol is as effective as other treatment modalities for patients with advanced pyriform sinus carcinoma while maintaining organ preservation and function in the majority of the patients.