New insights into enzyme catalysis. Ground state tunnelling driven by protein dynamics

Eur J Biochem. 1999 Sep;264(3):666-71. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00645.x.

Abstract

The wave-particle duality of matter suggests that quantum tunnelling may have a prominent role in enzymatic H-transfer. However, unlike for electron tunnelling, evidence for H-tunnelling in enzyme molecules is extremely limited. The theoretical development, and verification by experiment, of a role for protein dynamics in driving enzymatic H-tunnelling is presented. Dynamic theories of H-tunnelling suggest that the kinetic isotope effect, during rupture of a C-H/C-D bond, for example, can assume values interpreted previously as indicating classical transfer. Vibrationally enhanced ground state tunnelling has been demonstrated for enzymes that cleave stable C-H bonds. This is an attractive mechanism as large activation energies make it energetically unfavourable for a classical, over-the-barrier mode of cleavage. Furthermore, it may be a general strategy used by enzymes for catalysing these 'difficult' transformations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Catalysis
  • Energy Transfer
  • Enzymes / chemistry*
  • Enzymes / metabolism*
  • Models, Chemical
  • Quantum Theory
  • Static Electricity
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Enzymes