[Biological diagnosis of immediate drug allergy. Comparative study of histamine liberation tests and CD63 expression by flow cytometry (preliminary results)]

Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1999 Nov;31(9):307-10.
[Article in French]

Abstract

The diagnosis of drug allergy is mainly based upon a detailed clinical history, positive skin tests (ST) and detection of specific IgE. In case of discrepant results, in vitro investigations to identify the responsible drug are needed. The histamine release test (HR) is usually performed. Nevertheless, its clinical benefit remains controversial. Flow cytometric methods (FCM) for the study of allergen induced basophil activation have been recently described. We assessed their usefulness in the diagnosis of drug allergy in comparison to HR results. Eighteen patients were included and 24 drugs (mainly antibiotics and muscle relaxant drugs) were tested. On the basis of clinical signs, 15 patients were classified as allergic (18 drugs). Sensitivity of biological investigations were found as follows: 71% (ST), 71% (FCM) and 24% (HR). This suggests performing FCM rather than HR. In addition, HR is more costly in terms of both reagents and laboratory technician time. Thus, CD63 detection by FCM seems to be a more reliable method in the clinical immunology laboratory. Additional data are needed to validate these preliminary results (sensitivity and specificity, especially in atopic patients) and to assess the interest of the method to investigate drug allergy due to other types of molecules.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, CD / biosynthesis*
  • Basophils / immunology
  • Drug Hypersensitivity / diagnosis*
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry / methods*
  • Histamine Release*
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity, Immediate / diagnosis*
  • Male
  • Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / biosynthesis*
  • Skin Tests
  • Tetraspanin 30

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • CD63 protein, human
  • Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Tetraspanin 30