Inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic lifelong condition, affects between 15 and 30 people per 10,000 of the UK population. Despite the large number affected, there seems to be a paucity of information on this subject in the British nursing press. Hence, nurses have little or no understanding of the impact of this illness, and there is a danger that the distress and debilitation that inflammatory bowel disease can have on people's lives is underestimated. However, a healthcare professional, armed with the appropriate knowledge and attitude, can make a real difference to the quality of care that these patients receive. This article is the first in a series of three that shall review the aetiology, treatment and concept of patient participation in inflammatory bowel disease. The series aims to enhance nurses' understanding and stimulate further investigation into this chronic illness.