We randomized patients with locally advanced cervical cancer to receive radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin or oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer agents, and compared the prognosis by a prospective follow-up study. Sixty patients were studied who completed their planned radiation therapy with chemotherapy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Hiroshima University Hospital between January 1991 and December 1998. Patients were randomly assigned to receive (A) radiotherapy with TAI of 120 mg/body cisplatin twice a month at the interval of 4 weeks or (B) radiotherapy with 200 mg/day oral 5-FU or UFT every day. In both groups, radiotherapy is routinely 50 Gy of external beam irradiation to the whole pelvis and 18-20 Gy (point A dose) of intracavitary irradiation using a remote after loading system (RALS). Serious adverse reactions interfering with treatment did not appear in either group. The effective histologic response was 28/32 (87.5%) in group A and 25/28 (89.3%) in group B. The median follow-up period were 28.3 months and 25.4 months in group A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall survival and disease-free survival rates for all patients, clinical stage III and squamous cell carcinoma. We could not conclude that radiotherapy with TAI of cisplatin achieved superior therapeutic efficacy in locally advanced cervical cancer. To improve the therapeutic effects, it is important to establish a new cisplatin-containing chemoradiotherapy regimen.