Lung cancer is one of major public health problems facing the world today, owing to the high incidence of the disease and its poor prognosis. Although the principal cause of lung cancer is tobacco use, smokers find it extremely difficult to quit the habit. Hence, there is a need to take action targeted at other risk factors for this disease. One such factor is diet, which is known to be able to raise or lower the risk of lung cancer. This paper seeks to complement other reviews in the field and to shed more light both on the influence that dietary factors may have upon the occurrence of this neoplasm and on the causes of this possible effect.