Postoperative peridural fibrosis is unavoidable adverse effect of lumbar disc surgery. This process is disadvantageous both to the patient and to the surgeon. It is assumed that peridural fibrosis is responsible for as much as 25% of all Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. In case of reherniated discs requiring reoperation epidural scar may cause technical difficulties. Thus the prevention or inhibition of postoperative peridural fibrosis and adhesions is an essential goal for successful lower back surgery. The authors review new opinions on pathophysiology of peridural fibrosis, clinical aspects of the process, results of experimental approaches for limiting peridural fibrosis and perspective of anti-adhesion gel Adcon-L.