Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, with a median survival of 3 to 4 years. This study shows direct effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon MM and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) cells. The results indicate that VEGF triggers tumor cell proliferation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent Raf-1-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway, and migration via a PKC-dependent pathway. These observations provide the framework for novel therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling cascades in MM.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Cell Division / drug effects*
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Cell Movement / drug effects*
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Endothelial Growth Factors / genetics
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Endothelial Growth Factors / metabolism
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Endothelial Growth Factors / pharmacology*
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / analysis
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / genetics
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / metabolism
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Flavonoids / pharmacology
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Gene Expression
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Humans
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Leukemia, Plasma Cell / metabolism
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Leukemia, Plasma Cell / pathology
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Lymphokines / genetics
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Lymphokines / metabolism
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Lymphokines / pharmacology*
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Multiple Myeloma / metabolism
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Multiple Myeloma / pathology*
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Protein Kinase C / metabolism
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Signal Transduction*
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Substances
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Endothelial Growth Factors
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins
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Flavonoids
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Lymphokines
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
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Protein Kinase C
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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MAP2K1 protein, human
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one