A comparative analysis of hemorheological indices was carried out in 105 patients with different variants of the course of critical ischemia of extremities and in 35 patients with intermittent claudication (as a reference group). Disturbances of the rheological properties of blood were revealed in the extremity muscles and in 62.4-68.8% of patients with a low functional reserve of the extremity muscles. All the examined patients had a low level of total cholesterol against the background of dyslipoproteinemia characterized by a decreased level of cholesterol of high density lipoprotein with a mild elevation of the concentration of cholesterol of low and very low density lipoproteins.