Thermodynamic second law in irreversible processes of chaotic few-body systems

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2001 Oct;64(4 Pt 2):045102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.045102. Epub 2001 Sep 25.

Abstract

Irreversible processes of few hard-ball (N) mechanical systems are investigated numerically and compared with the theoretical results of quasistatic processes. The thermodynamic second law is valid for N>or=2 for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems if the average ensemble of the large number of identical systems is taken.