We reviewed salvage surgery cases for esophageal cancer following radical chemoradiotherapy. From January 1998 through January 2001, 6 patients (4 men, 2 women) underwent salvage operation at our department. Mean age was 56 years (range: 46-66). According to the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases localization schema, there was one case in the upper third of the thoracic esophagus, 3 cases in the middle third and 2 cases in the lower third. The histology was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. Our radical chemoradiotherapy regimen for esophageal cancer was fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2/24 hours i.v. on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, cisplatin (CDDP) 40 mg/m2/2 hours i.v. on days 1 and 8, and concurrent radiation therapy (2 Gy/day on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12 and 15 to 19). This regimen was repeated in 5 weeks, followed by 5-FU 800 mg/m2/24 hours i.v. on days 1 to 5 and CDDP 80 mg/m2/2 hours i.v. on day 1, which was repeated in 4 weeks. After these chemoradiotherapy, patients who were confirmed to have local recurrence or esophagobronchial fistula underwent salvage operation. Postoperative complications were anastomosis leakage in 1 patient, and anastomosis stenosis in 2 and esophagobronchial fistula in 1. Although no postoperative hospitalized death occurred, 1 patient died because of empyema 3 months after salvage operation. Another patient died due to respiratory failure 15 months later. The salvage operation outcomes are not acceptable. Salvage procedure and indication for salvage intervention need to be changed.