In the review, modern conceptions are presented on mechanisms of formation of iron deficiency states and status of the problem of administration of pathogenetically validated treatment in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is analyzed. A brief comparative analysis is given of iron-containing medicines used in Ukraine. Current principles of medical management of IDA are set forth. Under adequate treatment with making use of modern iron-containing medicinal agents one can achieve a positive clinical effect. Data are submitted on high efficacies and good tolerability of the hydroxidepolymaltose-based iron preparations to be employed in IDA.