A novel mechanism of myocyte degeneration involving the Ca2+-permeable growth factor-regulated channel

J Cell Biol. 2003 Jun 9;161(5):957-67. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200301101.

Abstract

Disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex caused by genetic defects of dystrophin or sarcoglycans results in muscular dystrophy and/or cardiomyopathy in humans and animal models. However, the key early molecular events leading to myocyte degeneration remain elusive. Here, we observed that the growth factor-regulated channel (GRC), which belongs to the transient receptor potential channel family, is elevated in the sarcolemma of skeletal and/or cardiac muscle in dystrophic human patients and animal models deficient in dystrophin or delta-sarcoglycan. However, total cell GRC does not differ markedly between normal and dystrophic muscles. Analysis of the properties of myotubes prepared from delta-sarcoglycan-deficient BIO14.6 hamsters revealed that GRC is activated in response to myocyte stretch and is responsible for enhanced Ca2+ influx and resultant cell damage as measured by creatine phosphokinase efflux. We found that cell stretch increases GRC translocation to the sarcolemma, which requires entry of external Ca2+. Consistent with these findings, cardiac-specific expression of GRC in a transgenic mouse model produced cardiomyopathy due to Ca2+ overloading, with disease expression roughly parallel to sarcolemmal GRC levels. The results suggest that GRC is a key player in the pathogenesis of myocyte degeneration caused by dystrophin-glycoprotein complex disruption.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CHO Cells
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Calcium Channels / genetics
  • Calcium Channels / metabolism*
  • Calcium Signaling / genetics*
  • Cardiomyopathies / genetics
  • Cardiomyopathies / metabolism*
  • Cell Death / genetics
  • Creatine Kinase / metabolism
  • Cricetinae
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins / deficiency
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins / genetics
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dystrophin / deficiency
  • Dystrophin / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation / genetics
  • Male
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / deficiency
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred mdx
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Muscle Cells / metabolism*
  • Muscle Cells / pathology
  • Muscle Cells / ultrastructure
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / pathology
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / ultrastructure
  • Muscular Dystrophies / genetics
  • Muscular Dystrophies / metabolism*
  • Sarcoglycans
  • Sarcolemma / metabolism*
  • TRPV Cation Channels

Substances

  • Calcium Channels
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Dystrophin
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Sarcoglycans
  • TRPV Cation Channels
  • Trpv2 protein, mouse
  • Creatine Kinase
  • Calcium