Sonogashira coupling using bulky palladium-phenanthryl imidazolium carbene catalysis

Org Lett. 2003 Sep 4;5(18):3317-9. doi: 10.1021/ol035147k.

Abstract

[structure: see text] Bulky phenanthracenyl imidazolium-derived carbene ligands were investigated for copper-free Sonogashira coupling with terminal acetylenes. Aryl bromides and iodides gave coupled products in excellent yields from the Pd(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) complex with potassium t-butoxide and 18-crown-6 in THF. A remarkable dependence on the size of the ligand was found. The highest yields were obtained with the bulky 2,9-dicyclohexyl-10-phenanthryl ligand 5.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylene / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Copper / chemistry
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Imidazoles / chemistry*
  • Ligands
  • Methane / analogs & derivatives*
  • Methane / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Palladium / chemistry*
  • Phenanthrenes / chemistry*

Substances

  • Hydrocarbons
  • Imidazoles
  • Ligands
  • Phenanthrenes
  • carbene
  • Palladium
  • Copper
  • Acetylene
  • Methane