Study design: Case report.
Objectives: Patients with peripheral nerve injury may demonstrate long-lasting impairments and functional limitations. In this case report, we describe the diagnosis of a patient with a peripheral nerve injury and a conventional plan of care, along with the novel intervention of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). We feel that the additional NMES intervention was instrumental in achieving more rapid functional improvements than the more traditional interventions that are reported in the literature.
Background: The patient was a 21-year-old male who sustained a forearm fracture that was complicated by injury to the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. He was unable to flex the interphalangeal (IP) joint of his thumb, had decreased strength of thenar eminence musculature, and was unable to perform fine motor activities with his hand.
Methods and measures: Electrophysiological tests revealed partial denervation of the flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus muscles. In the fifth physical therapy session, NMES to the flexor pollicis longus and thenar muscles was added to the patient's conventional plan of care.
Results: With a conventional ROM and strengthening plan of care, no improvement was seen in thumb IP joint flexion over a period of 2 weeks. After 3 sessions of NMES and conventional interventions, gains in active ROM were made in thumb IP joint flexion. After 9 sessions of NMES and conventional interventions, force of thumb IP flexion was registered on a pinch dynamometer. Twenty weeks after initial examination, strength and ROM measures had improved and the patient reported no functional deficits.
Conclusions: The patient showed gains in strength of the thumb IP joint after a few NMES sessions, which suggests that NMES was a helpful adjunct to the plan of care, even though the precise mechanism underlying the functional gains are not known.