On May 7 to 8, 2003, more than 60 physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health professionals met in Chicago, IL, to discuss state-of-the-art approaches to transplantation in the clinical management of patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease. Four work groups addressed pretransplantation evaluation and management, therapeutic alternatives for treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease, posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, and improving long-term kidney transplant outcomes in patients with diabetes. This report summarizes the deliberations and recommendations of the task force.