Displacement-encoded cardiac MRI using cosine and sine modulation to eliminate (CANSEL) artifact-generating echoes

Magn Reson Med. 2004 Oct;52(4):774-81. doi: 10.1002/mrm.20232.

Abstract

Displacement-encoded imaging with stimulated echoes (DENSE) and harmonic phase imaging (HARP) employ 1-1 spatial modulation of magnetization to cosine modulate the longitudinal magnetization as a function of position at end diastole. Later in the cardiac cycle they sample the cosine-modulated signal and compute myocardial strain from the signal phase. The sampled signal generally includes three distinct echoes: 1) a displacement-encoded stimulated echo, 2) the complex conjugate of the displacement-encoded echo, and 3) an echo arising from T1 relaxation. If the T1-relaxation and complex conjugate echoes are suppressed, then a phase image representing just the displacement-encoded echo can be reconstructed. In the present study, the use of cosine and sine modulation to eliminate (CANSEL) the T1-relaxation and complex conjugate echoes was investigated. With the use of CANSEL, it was demonstrated that DENSE accurately measures through-plane as well as in-plane components of tissue motion. Also, DENSE with CANSEL artifact suppression can provide increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) secondary to reduced intravoxel dephasing by using relatively low displacement-encoding frequencies. For applications that employ DENSE imaging with multiple acquisitions, the CANSEL technique can suppress artifact-generating echoes without placing constraints on the displacement-encoding frequency and direction.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Artifacts*
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / methods*
  • Mice
  • Myocardial Contraction / physiology*
  • Phantoms, Imaging