Functional reconstruction of the mandible following resection or traumatic injury depends on the bony reconstruction and support dental implants. Microsurgical bone flaps allow the transfer of bone and soft tissue with a rich vascular supply and provide a firm basis for placement of dental implants in mandible reconstruction. Endosseous dental implants may improve functional restoration by ensuring the stable dentition essential for normal mastication and speech. In this review article, donor sites of microsurgical bone flaps, criteria for placement of dental implants, timing for dental implantation, bone resorption, role of radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen, and success rate of dental implants are discussed.