Cystography was performed on 35 patients 6 to 7 days after retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), to determine the feasibility of early removal of the urinary catheter. The urethral catheter was removed the same day if no extravasation was evident on cystography. Uroflowmetry was also performed both immediately after early catheter removal and at follow-up 4 to 20 months later. The urethral catheter could be removed on postoperative day 6 or 7 from all but one patient. Three patients developed acute urinary retention after catheter removal, requiring reinsertion of a Foly catheter. During a mean follow-up of 8.3 months (range 4 to 20 months), 25 patients (71.4%) reported excellent continence (requiring no pad) and seven patients (20%) good continence (requiring a single pad). Immediately after early catheter removal, 12 patients (34%) showed obstruction on a maximum flow nomogram. The number of patients with obstruction decreased to eight during follow-up, three of whom suffered anastomotic stricture and one anterior urethral stricture, all of which required urethrotomy. Our results show that early catheter removal can be accomplished safely, although some patients may have difficulty with urination or develop acute urinary retention immediately after catheter removal, probably due to anastomotic edema. On the other hand, if the patients develop difficulty in urination some time after the operation, the possibility of anastomotic or urethral stricture should be considered. Therefore we recommend uroflowmetry within one year after RRP to identify anastomotic or urethral stricture.