Theory and mode about compatibility of prescription are the key element for studies on complex prescription in traditional Chinese medicine. In this article, we reviewed the sources, methods and thoughtway about theory of prescription composition, and concluded the current researches about components compatibility. Through introducing the researches about compatibility of effective components, we advanced that components compatibility would be one of the new modes of compound prescription of Chinese medicine. The researches and foundation about the new modes of compound prescription of Chinese medicine would do active influence either in making modern Chinese medicine or in increasing clinical curative effect.