Endothelial progenitor cells are rapidly recruited to myocardium and mediate protective effect of ischemic preconditioning via "imported" nitric oxide synthase activity

Circulation. 2005 Mar 8;111(9):1114-20. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157144.24888.7E. Epub 2005 Feb 21.

Abstract

Background: The function of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in repair of ischemic tissue has been the subject of intense scrutiny, and the capacity of these cells to contribute significantly to new blood vessels remains controversial. The possibility that EPCs could act as reservoirs of cytokines has been implied by several observations; however, a specific role for cytokine delivery has not been identified.

Methods and results: We performed a series of experiments that revealed the rapid recruitment of EPCs to the myocardium by very short periods of ischemia, so-called ischemic preconditioning. The recruited EPCs express an array of potentially cardioprotective cytokines including nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Bone marrow transplantation studies, using donor marrow null for nitric oxide synthase isoforms, revealed that both endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase derived from bone marrow cells play essential roles in the cardioprotective effect that normally occurs after ischemic preconditioning.

Conclusions: These findings provide novel insights about the role of bone marrow-derived cells in ischemic preconditioning and also reveal that distinct mechanisms regulate recovery after ischemia-reperfusion and chronic ischemic injury.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Cells / cytology
  • Blood Cells / enzymology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
  • Bone Marrow Cells / enzymology
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation*
  • Capillaries / pathology
  • Cell Hypoxia
  • Cell Movement
  • Cells, Cultured / enzymology
  • Coronary Circulation
  • Cytokines / physiology
  • Endothelial Cells / cytology
  • Endothelial Cells / enzymology*
  • Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Inbred Strains
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myocardial Infarction / pathology*
  • Myocardial Ischemia / physiopathology*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / pathology
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control
  • Myocardium / enzymology
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic
  • Nitric Oxide / physiology*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / deficiency
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / genetics
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / physiology*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • Radiation Chimera
  • Stem Cells / cytology
  • Stem Cells / enzymology*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / physiology

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
  • Nos2 protein, mouse
  • Nos3 protein, mouse