Objectives: This study compares the gynaecological symptoms of women who have undergone an induced abortion to those who have not. We also compare the gynaecological side effects, in particular the infectious symptoms, following an induced abortion, according to the abortion technique, medical and surgical, in the year after the abortion.
Patients and methods: A representative sample of 2863 women, aged 18 to 44, was interviewed by telephone between September 2000 and January 2001. Of these women, 401 declared an abortion in the last 5 years. Analysis of the gynaecological side effects according to the abortion technique was performed among the 199 women who terminated their pregnancy before the 8th week of amenorrhoea.
Results: Women with a history of induced abortion had a higher sexual risk profile than those with no such history. They also more frequently reported genital infectious symptoms. The comparison between medical and surgical abortions shows that women who had a medical abortion were more likely to report heavy and prolonged bleeding. On the contrary, we found no difference of infectious symptoms between the two techniques.
Discussion and conclusion: Our study does not support the idea of a reduction of infectious complications related to medical as opposed to surgical abortions. However, given the rapid diffusion of medical abortion, it seems important to carry on the investigations on the side effects related to medical abortions, in order to prevent them if necessary.