The human red blood cell was studied by Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared Raman spectroscopy.The assignment of the characteristic groups of human red blood cell structure was basically confirmed. At the same time, the authors observed that the intensity of different Raman shift signal has different varying law when the power of laser is changing. Near-infrared laser Raman spectroscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy is an effective method to study the structure of human red blood cell.