Schwannoma arising from the kidney is a rare benign tumor, with only 20 cases reported in the English literature. We encountered a histopathologically typical Schwannoma of the kidney in a 39-year-old woman, which was characterized by marked calcification. Radical nephrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The 21 reported cases of schwannoma of the kidney, including the present case, are reviewed in detail.