GPI valence and the fate of secretory membrane proteins in African trypanosomes

J Cell Sci. 2005 Dec 1;118(Pt 23):5499-511. doi: 10.1242/jcs.02667. Epub 2005 Nov 15.

Abstract

Progression of GPI-anchored proteins in bloodstream African trypanosomes correlates with GPI-valence: homodimeric VSG (2 GPI) is a surface protein; heterodimeric transferrin receptor (1 GPI) localizes in the flagellar pocket; homodimeric GPI-minus VSG (0 GPI) is rapidly degraded in the lysosome. We test this relationship using three native secretory/endocytic proteins as monomeric GPI-plus and -minus reporters. GPI-minus procyclin trafficks to the lysosome and is degraded. GPI-plus procyclin trafficks to the flagellar pocket/cell surface and is released (approximately 50%) with an intact anchor, the remainder (approximately 50%) is degraded in the lysosome. GPI-plus BiPNHP, derived from the ER marker BiP, is released quantitatively (>80%), while GPI-plus p67HP, derived from the lysosomal marker p67, turns over by both release (approximately 15%) and lysosomal degradation (>50%). Turnover of endogenous transferrin receptor occurs primarily by lysosomal degradation (>90%). Thus shedding of monovalent GPI reporters correlates inversely with lysosomal targeting. We propose that mono-GPI reporters cycle through the flagellar pocket and endosome until they are disposed of by either shedding or lysosomal targeting. Partitioning between these fates may be a function of individual physical properties. Release is likely due to the exclusive use of C-14:0 myristate in the bloodstream stage GPI anchor. Up-regulation of transferrin receptor by culture in dog serum resulted in prominent cell surface localization, but not in elevated release. Surface receptor was non-functional for ligand binding suggesting that it may be bivalent homodimers of the GPI-anchored ESAG6 receptor subunit.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / metabolism*
  • Lysosomes / metabolism
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Protein Transport / physiology
  • Protozoan Proteins / genetics
  • Protozoan Proteins / metabolism
  • Receptors, Transferrin / metabolism
  • Trypanosoma brucei brucei / genetics
  • Trypanosoma brucei brucei / metabolism*
  • Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma / genetics
  • Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma / metabolism*

Substances

  • Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Protozoan Proteins
  • Receptors, Transferrin
  • Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma
  • procyclic acidic repetitive protein, Trypanosoma