Differential involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases in hyperphosphorylation of replication protein A2 in response to replication-mediated DNA double-strand breaks

Genes Cells. 2006 Mar;11(3):237-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.00942.x.

Abstract

Replication protein A2 (RPA2), a component of the RPA heterotrimer, is hyperphosphorylated and forms nuclear foci in response to camptothecin (CPT) that directly induces replication-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) are activated by CPT, and RPA2 is hyperphosphorylated in a DNA-PK-dependent manner. To distinguish the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases including DNA-PK, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and ATR, in the response to replication-mediated DSBs, we analyzed RPA2 focus formation and hyperphosphorylation during exposure to CPT. ATR knock-down with siRNA suppressed CPT-induced RPA2 hyperphosphorylation and focus formation. CPT-induced RPA2 focus formation was normally observed in DNA-PK- or ATM-deficient cells. Comparison between CPT and hydroxyurea (HU) indirectly inducing DSBs showed that RPA2 hyperphosphorylation is DNA-PK-dependent in CPT-treated cells and DNA-PK-independent in HU-treated cells. Although RPA2 foci rapidly formed in response to HU and CPT, the RPA2 hyperphosphorylation in HU-treated cells occurred later than in the CPT-treated cells, indicating that the DNA-PK dependency of RPA2 hyperphosphorylation is likely to be related to the mode of DSB induction. These results suggest that DNA-PK is responsible for the RPA2 hyperphosphorylation following ATR-dependent RPA2 focus formation in response to replication-mediated DSBs directly induced by CPT.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • Camptothecin / pharmacology
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA / metabolism*
  • DNA Damage*
  • DNA Replication*
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Hydroxyurea / pharmacology
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • RNA, Small Interfering / pharmacology
  • Replication Protein A / genetics
  • Replication Protein A / metabolism*
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Replication Protein A
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • DNA
  • ATM protein, human
  • ATR protein, human
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Camptothecin