Beam quality of a nonideal atom laser

Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Feb 24;96(7):070404. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.070404. Epub 2006 Feb 24.

Abstract

We study the propagation of a noninteracting atom laser distorted by the strong lensing effect of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from which it is outcoupled. We observe a transverse structure containing caustics that vary with the density within the residing BEC. Using the WKB approximation, Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral formalism, and ABCD matrices, we are able to describe analytically the atom-laser propagation. This allows us to characterize the quality of the nonideal atom-laser beam by a generalized M2 factor defined in analogy to photon lasers. Finally we measure this quality factor for different lensing effects.