Mucormycosis is caused by a zygomycetes fungus in a vascular location. This fungus is a saprophytic organism which can become pathogenic in specific conditions, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. A rhinocerebral localization is common, leading to often fatal devastating sinusitis. Positive diagnosis requires histological proof with characteristic hyphal tissue invasion. Frozen section is essential for diagnosis and management of rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
Material and methods: We report four cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in diabetic patients, two men and two women, mean age 51 years.
Results: Histological examination showed characteristic hyphae in a vascular localization. Treatment was systemic antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and debridement of necrotic tissue. Three patients recovered completely. One died.
Conclusion: Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection with very poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and pathological features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis and to evaluate the contribution of frozen section for diagnosis and management.