Situation models and retrieval interference: pictures and words

Memory. 2006 Jul;14(5):614-23. doi: 10.1080/09658210600647714.

Abstract

Previous studies have found that interference in long-term memory retrieval occurs when information cannot be integrated into a single situation model, but this interference is greatly reduced or absent when the information can be so integrated. The current study looked at the influence of presentation format-sentences or pictures-on this observed pattern. When sentences were used at memorisation and recognition, a spatial organisation was observed. In contrast, when pictures were used, a different pattern of results was observed. Specifically, there was an overall speed-up in response times, and consistent evidence of interference. Possible explanations for this difference were examined in a third experiment using pictures during learning, but sentences during recognition. The results from Experiment 3 were consistent with the organisation of information into situation models in long-term memory, even from pictures. This suggests that people do create situation models when learning pictures, but their recognition memory may be oriented around more "verbatim", surface-form memories of the pictures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cognition*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Language Tests
  • Learning
  • Male
  • Memory*
  • Mental Recall
  • Models, Psychological
  • Psychological Tests
  • Reaction Time
  • Recognition, Psychology
  • Visual Perception