Phylogeny of primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1) including various new Asian and African non-human primate strains

Infect Genet Evol. 2007 Jun;7(3):374-81. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Aug 23.

Abstract

To further unravel intra- and interspecies PTLV-1 evolution in Asia and Africa, we phylogenetically analysed 15 new STLV-1 LTR and env sequences discovered in eight different Asian and African non-human primate species. We show that orang-utan STLV-1s form a tight, deeply branching monophyletic cluster between Asian STLV-1 macaque species clades, suggesting natural cross-species transmission. Novel viruses of Macaca maura, Macaca nigra and siamang cluster with other Sulawesian STLV-1s, demonstrating close relatedness among the STLV-1s in these insular species and suggesting cross-species transmission to a siamang in captivity. Viruses from Western chimpanzees and a Western lowland gorilla cluster within the HTLV-lb/STLV-1 clade, the latter close to a human strain, indicative of zoonosis. A new STLV-1 from Cercopithecus ascanius differs from the published STLV-Cas57, explainable by the existence of five geographically separated subspecies. Barbary macaques, not yet described to be STLV-infected, carry a relatively recent acquired, typical African STLV-1, giving us no clue on the phylogeographical origin of PTLV-1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Africa
  • Animals
  • Asia
  • Deltaretrovirus Infections / veterinary*
  • Deltaretrovirus Infections / virology
  • Genes, env
  • Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / genetics*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phylogeny*
  • Primate Diseases / virology*
  • Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 / classification*
  • Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 / genetics*
  • Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 / immunology
  • Primates
  • Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / classification
  • Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / genetics
  • Terminal Repeat Sequences / genetics
  • Zoonoses