Adderall produces increased striatal dopamine release and a prolonged time course compared to amphetamine isomers

Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Apr;191(3):669-77. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0550-9. Epub 2006 Oct 10.

Abstract

Rationale: Adderall is currently used for the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and is composed of a novel mixture of approximately 24% L-amphetamine and 76% D-amphetamine salts. There are, however, no investigations of the pharmacological effects of this combination in vivo.

Objectives: The technique of high-speed chronoamperometry using Nafion-coated single carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used to study amphetamine-evoked dopamine (DA) release produced by Adderall, D-amphetamine, or D,L-amphetamine in the striatum of anesthetized male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. The amphetamine solutions were locally applied from micropipettes by pressure ejection.

Results: Local applications of Adderall resulted in significantly greater DA release signal amplitudes with prolonged time course of dopamine release and re-uptake as compared to D-amphetamine and D,L-amphetamine.

Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that the combination of amphetamine enantiomers and salts in Adderall has effects on DA release, which result in increased and prolonged DA release, compared to D- and D,L-amphetamine.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amphetamine / chemistry
  • Amphetamine / pharmacology*
  • Amphetamines / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / chemistry
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / pharmacology*
  • Corpus Striatum / drug effects*
  • Corpus Striatum / metabolism*
  • Dopamine / metabolism*
  • Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • Isomerism
  • Male
  • Microelectrodes
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism*
  • Potentiometry / methods
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred F344
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Adderall
  • Amphetamines
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Amphetamine
  • Dopamine