Electronic effects of peripheral substituents at porphyrin meso positions

J Org Chem. 2007 Jan 5;72(1):233-9. doi: 10.1021/jo061951j.

Abstract

Porphyrins are stable molecules with a macrocyclic conjugated system and often peripheral substituents. This unique structure makes the electronic properties of the four meso-carbons (the methine bridges) nearly identical. Replacement of the weakly electron-polarizing 2,4-vinyl groups of protoporphyrin IX with strongly electron-polarizing acetyl groups not only leads to much lower meso-carbon reactivities toward electrophilic aromatic substitution but also results in a significant meso-selectivity (the beta- and gamma-meso-positions become much more nucleophilic (basic) than the alpha- and delta-meso-positions). To further investigate the relationship between the porphyrin meso-carbon reactivities and the peripheral substituents, two monoacetylporphyrin analogues also were synthesized. This investigation not only leads to empirical rules for predicting porphyrin meso-carbon selectivities but also provides important models for theoretical calculations of porphyrin aromaticity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Electrons*
  • Half-Life
  • Heme / chemistry
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Molecular Structure
  • Porphyrins / chemistry*

Substances

  • Porphyrins
  • Heme