Modulus-density scaling behaviour and framework architecture of nanoporous self-assembled silicas

Nat Mater. 2007 Jun;6(6):418-23. doi: 10.1038/nmat1913. Epub 2007 May 21.

Abstract

Natural porous materials such as bone, wood and pith evolved to maximize modulus for a given density. For these three-dimensional cellular solids, modulus scales quadratically with relative density. But can nanostructuring improve on Nature's designs? Here, we report modulus-density scaling relationships for cubic (C), hexagonal (H) and worm-like disordered (D) nanoporous silicas prepared by surfactant-directed self-assembly. Over the relative density range, 0.5 to 0.65, Young's modulus scales as (density)n where n(C)<n(H)<n(D)<2, indicating that nanostructured porous silicas exhibit a structure-specific hierarchy of modulus values D<H<C. Scaling exponents less than 2 emphasize that the moduli are less sensitive to porosity than those of natural cellular solids, which possess extremal moduli based on linear elasticity theory. Using molecular modelling and Raman and NMR spectroscopy, we show that uniform nanoscale confinement causes the silica framework of self-assembled silica to contain a higher portion of small, stiff rings than found in other forms of amorphous silica. The nanostructure-specific hierarchy and systematic increase in framework modulus we observe, when decreasing the silica framework thickness below 2 nm, provides a new ability to maximize mechanical properties at a given density needed for nanoporous materials integration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adsorption
  • Elasticity
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Materials Testing
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nanostructures / chemistry*
  • Nanotechnology / methods*
  • Porosity
  • Silicon Dioxide / chemistry*
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman / methods
  • Surface-Active Agents / chemistry

Substances

  • Surface-Active Agents
  • Silicon Dioxide