Abstract
For immune diagnostic purposes it would be critical to be able to distinguish between ongoing immune processes, such as active infections, and long-term immune memory, for example imprinted by infections that have been cleared a long time ago or by vaccinations. We tested the hypothesis that the secretion of granzyme B, as detected in ex vivo ELISPOT assays, permits this distinction. We studied EBV-, flu- and CMV-specific CD8(+) cells in healthy individuals, Vaccinia virus-reactive CD8(+) cells in the course of vaccination, and HIV-specific CD8(+) cells in HIV-infected individuals. Antigen-specific ex vivo GzB production was detected only transiently after Vaccinia immunization, and in HIV-infected individuals. Our data suggest that ex vivo ELISPOT measurements of granzyme B permit the identification of actively ongoing CD8(+) cell responses-a notion that is pertinent to the immune diagnostic of infections, transplantation, allergies, autoimmune diseases, tumors and vaccine development.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Antibody Formation / physiology
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Biomarkers / blood
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CD8 Antigens / immunology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Cytokines / blood
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Cytokines / chemistry
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Cytokines / immunology
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Cytomegalovirus / immunology
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Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / methods*
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
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Female
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Granzymes / biosynthesis*
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Granzymes / blood
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Granzymes / immunology*
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HIV Infections / blood
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV Infections / virology
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Herpesvirus 4, Human / immunology
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Humans
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Immunity, Active / physiology
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Immunologic Memory / immunology*
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In Vitro Techniques
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Infections / blood
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Infections / immunology*
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Influenza, Human / blood
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Influenza, Human / immunology
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Influenza, Human / virology
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / cytology
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Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology*
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Vaccinia virus / immunology
Substances
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Biomarkers
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CD8 Antigens
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Cytokines
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Granzymes