The concluding session of this workshop focused on barriers that might be impeding the successful transition of radiopharmaceuticals from research tools to diagnostics and therapeutics that reach commercial success. Some lessons can be learned by reviewing the technology adoption life cycle as described by Geoffrey A. Moore (Moore, GA. Crossing the chasm. New York: HarperCollins, 2002). Additionally, a review of highly successful radiopharmaceuticals suggests that achieving commercial success may require advocacy by other interested groups.