The effect of the impedance of a thin hydrogel electrode on sensation during functional electrical stimulation

Med Eng Phys. 2008 Jul;30(6):739-46. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.07.012. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

Abstract

Surface functional electrical stimulation results in stimulation of cutaneous receptors and discomfort. The degree of non-uniformity of current distribution in the cutaneous layers in the vicinity of the electrode may influence the sensation experienced. This paper describes the effects on sensation of a thin, high impedance electrode designed to reduce the non-uniformity of current distribution. Sensation associated with stimulation via a self-adhesive electrode with much higher impedance than conventional electrodes was compared with a low impedance electrode in a single-blinded, crossover study. The high impedance electrode does not alter either the current at which sensation is first registered. However, at higher currents, the high impedance electrode allows 9% more current to be passed for an equivalent sensation to that experienced with the conventional electrode. A 28% decrease in discomfort with the use of the high impedance electrode was also reported.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biophysical Phenomena
  • Biophysics
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Electric Impedance
  • Electrodes*
  • Equipment Design
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrogels
  • Leg
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Sensation
  • Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / instrumentation*
  • Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / methods

Substances

  • Hydrogels