Defined by its high level of accuracy and rapid radiation dose fall-off, radiosurgery has emerged as an effective radiation technique over the past few decades. Although it was once limited to conditions of the brain, head and neck regions, technological advances in computing and imaging have allowed the application of radiosurgery to conditions throughout the entire body. Using advanced imaging and robotics, the CyberKnife (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is one of few systems capable of delivering radiosurgery with exquisite accuracy to tumors, cancers and other conditions throughout the body. This review focuses on the development, technology, clinical efficacy and future directions of the CyberKnife.