Gingival and bone necrosis caused by accidental sodium hypochlorite injection instead of anaesthetic solution

Int Endod J. 2008 Mar;41(3):267-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01340.x. Epub 2007 Dec 10.

Abstract

Aim: To report clinical complications (pain, necrotic gingival tissue and bone sequestration) resulting from accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite.

Summary: Root canal treatment is a routine clinical procedure with few reported complications. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is commonly used as an irrigant during the procedure because of its tissue-dissolving, antibacterial and lubricating properties. This paper presents a case in which accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite into the lingual gingiva of a female patient caused gingival and bone necrosis. Surgical intervention was required.

Key learning points: *Sodium hypochlorite is dangerous if injected into the tissues. *The presentation of sodium hypochlorite in glass, anaesthetic type cartridges is potentially dangerous, and should be condemned. *All healthcare workers should check carefully the contents of any syringe before injecting into patients.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anesthesia, Dental / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Gingival Diseases / chemically induced*
  • Gingival Diseases / surgery
  • Humans
  • Medication Errors / adverse effects*
  • Osteonecrosis / chemically induced*
  • Osteonecrosis / surgery
  • Pulpitis / drug therapy*
  • Root Canal Irrigants / adverse effects*
  • Root Canal Irrigants / therapeutic use
  • Sodium Hypochlorite / adverse effects*
  • Sodium Hypochlorite / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Root Canal Irrigants
  • Sodium Hypochlorite