Realistic improvement has been recently done for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Besides new findings for the epidemiology of the disease, medico-social impact for patients, the knowledge of biological parameters for diagnosis, prognosis and future therapeutic targets as well, the early diagnosis of the disease mainly based on more extended practice of thoracoscopy allows in association with new imaging techniques a careful staging of the disease and consequently new therapeutic implications. Indeed if new balistic assessment of the disease improves the efficacy of radiotherapy and new combined chemotherapy have shown antitumoral responses, surgical strategy takes part in the armamenterium for this disease and combined with others therapeutic modalities seems to be a raisonnable approach despite the lack of prospective, comparative, randomized study and the drawback of current staging. However, the most important point is the multidisciplinary concertation induced by the management of this disease which represents a "model" in thoracic oncology.