The importance of the oxidative character of doubly charged metal cations in binding neutral bases. [Urea-M]2+ and [thiourea-M]2+ (M = Mg, Ca, Cu) complexes

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2008 Jun 14;10(22):3229-35. doi: 10.1039/b802907e. Epub 2008 Apr 30.

Abstract

Different analysis of the electron density, namely AIM, ELF and NBO, yield coherent descriptions of the bonding in [urea-M](2+) and [thiourea-M](2+) (M = Mg, Ca, Cu) complexes, whose geometries have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. The interactions of these two bases with the alkaline-earth dications are essentially electrostatic, whereas the bonding with Cu(2+) has a non-negligible covalent character. As a consequence and in spite of the fact that Cu(2+) has practically the same ionic radius as Mg(2+), the calculated Cu(2+) binding energies are about 1.5 and 2 times larger than Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) binding energies, respectively. The main difference, however, between Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) with respect to Cu(2+) complexes is due to the fact that Cu(2+) is able to oxidize the base. Hence, both [urea-Cu](2+) and [thiourea-Cu](2+) complexes can be viewed as the interaction between urea(+*) or thiourea(+*) radical cations and Cu(+).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Calcium / chemistry*
  • Cations*
  • Chemistry, Physical / methods*
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Electrons
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Ions
  • Magnesium / chemistry*
  • Metals / chemistry
  • Models, Chemical
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Oxygen / chemistry*
  • Thiourea / chemistry
  • Urea / chemistry*
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Cations
  • Ions
  • Metals
  • Water
  • Copper
  • Urea
  • Thiourea
  • Magnesium
  • Oxygen
  • Calcium