We have previously used viral vectors encoding either human growth hormone (hGH) or erythropoietin (hEPO) to study the sorting of transgenic proteins in mouse and minipig salivary glands. Whereas hGH (a regulated secretory pathway [RSP] protein) is secreted predominantly into saliva in both species, hEPO (a constitutive secretory pathway [CSP] protein) is found primarily in the bloodstream with mice, but overwhelmingly in saliva with minipigs. In view of the hEPO sorting difference, we have conducted a similar study in nonhuman primates. Specifically, we examined hGH and hEPO sorting after adenoviral (Ad) vector-mediated gene transfer to parotid glands of rhesus macaques, another large and important animal model. Two groups (n = 2 per dose group; total n = 8) of male macaques received either 10(10) particles per gland (low-dose group) or 10(11) particles per gland (high-dose group) of adenoviral (Ad) vectors encoding either hGH (AdhGH) or hEPO (Ad-hEPO) via intraoral cannulation of both parotid glands. All macaques tolerated administration of Ad vectors well, with no clinically significant changes observed in any hematological and serum chemistry parameters. In AdhGH-treated animals, hGH was secreted exclusively into saliva. In contrast, after AdhEPO delivery, hEPO was secreted both in serum and saliva, at levels intermediate between mice and minipigs. We conclude that RSP proteins are faithfully secreted into saliva in all model species tested, whereas patterns of CSP protein secretion are variable.