The authors made the review of literature in the field of the emotional processes. Both the increase and the decrease in emotional tension can cause disturbances in the neuro-vegetative system. Neurophisiologial examinations show that the emotions lead to the hypothalamus activation which can cause the defensive visceral, motoric and neurohormonal reactions. The long-lasting emotions lead to disturbance in homeostasis processes which can cause the functional disorders in systems and organs or psychosomatic diseases. The explanation of these processes needs to be related to the functioning of the neurvous emotional mechanisms.