We present the 12-month results of a prospective trial of conversion from calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) to everolimus (EVL) in maintenance liver transplant (LT) recipients. Forty (M:F = 28:12; 54.9 +/- 11 years) patients were enrolled at a mean interval of 45.5 +/- 31.2 months from transplantation. Conversion was with EVL at a dosage of 0.75 mg b.i.d., withdrawal of antimetabolites, and a 50%-per-week reduction of CNI to a complete stop within 4 weeks. The treatment success was conversion to EVL monotherapy at 12 months while failure was presence of CNI, death, and graft loss. Indication to conversion was deteriorating renal function in 36 (90%). At 12 months, patient- and graft survival were 100% and the success rate was 75% (30/40). Ten patients (25%) were failures: four (10%) for acute rejection; three hepatitis C virus-RNA positive patients (7.5%) for hypertransaminasemia; one (2.5%) for acute cholangitis; and two (5%) due to persistent pruritus and oral ulcers. In patients on EVL monotherapy, at 12 months the mean change of calculated creatinine clearance (cCrCl) was 4.03 +/- 12.6 mL/min and the only variable correlated with the probability of improvement was baseline cCrCl (P < 0.0001). Conversion from CNI to EVL is feasible in 75% of the cases and associated with improvement in renal function for patients with higher baseline cCrCl.