Our purpose was to assess success rates in children of achieving optimal hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) harvest after mobilization with 300 microg/kg pegfilgrastim. Between January 2005 and January 2007, 26 children with solid malignancies who were referred for HPC collection were consecutively included. Hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization consisted of one s.c. injection of 300 microg/kg body weight (BW) of pegfilgrastim. The success criterion was defined as at least 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg during the first standard apheresis (less than 3 blood volumes processed (BVP)). After 26 inclusions, the Bayesian analysis gave a mean estimated success rate of 60.7% (95% credibility interval: 42.0-78.0%). The first apheresis allowed the collection of 8.3 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg BW (range 0.6-37.8), with a median of 2.8 BVP (range 1.4-3.0). Overall, the median of CD34+ cells collected was 12.4 x 10(6)/kg (range 2.7-37.8). The cumulative dose of anthracyclin was the only variable associated with the total number of CD34+ collected cells (P<0.05). Mobilization was clinically well tolerated in 20 patients. No drug-related adverse events of grade > or =3 occurred. We conclude that a single injection of 300 microg/kg pegfilgrastim in the hematological steady state is an efficient and well-tolerated method of HPC mobilization in children with solid malignancies.