The aim of this paper was to analyze the concept of volume rendering (VR) technique in order to define and visualize the muscles by using multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. Second, to understand the current indications for performing MDCT study of the muscles underlining radiation exposure and diagnostic efficacy. Thanks to the use of fast scanning and thin collimation, MDCT can obtain near-isotropic voxels, providing an excellent image detail. Moreover, with the use of postprocessing procedures it is possible to obtain volumetric images with an impressive visual impact (dissection-like images). With the use of correct techniques, in particular VR reconstruction, it is currently possible to define body musculature detecting pathological alterations. The aim of this review was to describe the procedure to obtain a correct visualization of the body muscles and to show volume rendered images supplied by this postprocessing technique. The authors retrospectively studied 30 patients by using a MDCT. Each time projection data were reconstructed to generate section thickness as thinnest as possible which were then reprocessed to obtain VR images. For the whole patient cohort the authors generated multiple VR reconstructed images in order to define the most efficient strategies to evaluate the different types of muscles. MDCT can provide excellent visualization of the superficial musculature, in particular it defines with accuracy normal anatomy. A correct reconstruction of projectional data is important to achieve high quality images.