Background: This study aimed at evaluating the role of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) for the management of obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients who had been preoperatively explored by video-capsule endoscopy (VCE).
Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent IOE for obscure GI bleeding were prospectively recorded between November 2000 and January 2007. The bleeding site was preoperatively localized by VCE in the small bowel in 15 patients, but the origin of bleeding remained unknown in 3 patients.
Results: In the 3 patients with negative VCE, IOE was normal, but intraoperative conventional endoscopy identified gastric (n = 1) and colonic (n = 2) lesions. Among the 15 patients with VCE positive for small-bowel lesions, laparotomy and IOE yielded localization and treatment (surgical n = 11 and endoscopic n = 2) guidance for 13 of 15 (87%) lesions. At median 19-month follow-up, 3 bleeding recurrences (3 of 15 [20%]) were recorded, resulting in a 73% therapeutic efficacy of IOE.
Conclusions: IOE remains useful for the management of obscure GI bleeding when preoperative VCE is positive for small-bowel lesions that are not reachable by nonoperative enteroscopy. When VCE is negative, new conventional endoscopy should be proposed instead of IOE.