Genetic and biochemical modulation of sialic acid O-acetylation on group B Streptococcus: phenotypic and functional impact

Glycobiology. 2009 Nov;19(11):1204-13. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwp111. Epub 2009 Jul 30.

Abstract

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important human pathogen and a model system for studying the roles of bacterial glycosylation in host-microbe interactions. Sialic acid (Sia), expressed prominently in the GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS), mimics mammalian cell surface Sia and can interact with host Sia-binding proteins to subvert immune clearance mechanisms. Our earlier work has shown that GBS partially O-acetylates CPS Sia residues and employs an intracellular O-acetylation/de-O-acetylation cycle to control the final level of this surface Sia modification. Here, we examine the effects of point mutations in the NeuD O-acetyltransferase and NeuA O-acetylesterase on specific glycosylation phenotypes of GBS, pinpointing an isogenic strain pair that differs dramatically in the degree of the O-acetyl modification (80% versus 5%) while still expressing comparable levels of overall sialylation. Using these strains, higher levels of O-acetylation were found to protect GBS CPS Sia against enzymatic removal by microbial sialidases and to impede engagement of human Siglec-9, but not to significantly alter the ability of GBS to restrict complement C3b deposition on its surface. Additional experiments demonstrated that pH-induced migration of the O-acetyl modification from the 7- to 9-carbon position had a substantial impact on GBS-Siglec-9 interactions, with 7-O-acetylation exhibiting the strongest interference. These studies show that both the degree and position of the GBS O-acetyl modification influence Sia-specific interactions relevant to the host-pathogen relationship. We conclude that native GBS likely expresses a phenotype of intermediate Sia O-acetylation to strike a balance between competing selective pressures present in the host environment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylation
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / chemistry*
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / metabolism*
  • Phenotype
  • Streptococcus agalactiae / classification
  • Streptococcus agalactiae / enzymology
  • Streptococcus agalactiae / genetics*
  • Streptococcus agalactiae / metabolism*

Substances

  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid