One of the important areas of state policy is promotion of the nation's health, reduction of mortality rate, and stemming the country's demographic decline. A priority goal of the health care service in Russia is to improve sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of the population A detailed characteristic of current sanitary and epidemiologic situation in the Russian Federation is presented. Of special importance is success achieved in control of infectious diseases in the last 2 years as a result of implementation of the national project in the sphere of health care, federal program "Control and prevention of socially significant diseases", recommendations of the "Summit of Eight", etc. Major drawbacks in the work aimed to improve sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of the country's population are discussed along with measures necessary to eliminate them.