Objectives: To determine and analyze the incidence, prognosis, and therapeutic strategy of de novo urological malignancies in a series of renal transplant recipients (RTRs).
Methods: A retrospective study of 1350 recipients between January 1998 and January 2008 was carried out; we reviewed the data of 42 de novo urological malignancies in 39 recipients.
Results: There were 21 cases of prostate cancer, 13 cases of renal cell carcinoma in 10 patients, 3 cases of renal graft tumors, and 5 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The overall incidence of urological neoplasms was 3.1%. The mean age of cancer diagnosis was 60 +/- 8.3 years. The mean duration of dialysis before cancer diagnosis was 35 +/- 37.5 months. About 92% of patients underwent hemodialysis (34/39) and the remaining underwent peritoneal dialysis (5/39). All the 39 recipients received cadaveric kidneys. The mean follow-up period for this study was 33 +/- 34.4 months (range 2-160 months). There appears to be a greater risk of urological neoplasm in RTRs. Prostate cancer and renal carcinoma can be treated in a similar manner than in general population with encouraging oncological results and low morbidity. However, the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder remains particularly aggressive requiring optimal treatment despite the morbidity concerning the intravesical therapy.
Conclusions: We can apply the standard medical and surgical treatment in RTRs, with encouraging oncological results if a strict screening program is established and followed by the patients.
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